Tag: 1798

Free Download Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798-1939 by Albert Hourani
English | August 31, 1983 | ISBN: 0521274230 | 406 pages | PDF | 11 Mb
Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age 1798-1939 is the most comprehensive study of the modernizing trend of political and social thought in the Arab Middle East. Albert Hourani studies the way in which ideas about politics and society changed during the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth centuries, in response to the expanding influence of Europe. His main attention is given to the movement of ideas in Egypt and Lebanon. He shows how two streams of thought, the one aiming to restate the social principles of Islam, and the other to justify the separation of religion from politics, flowed into each other to create the Egyptian and Arab nationalisms of the present century. The last chapter of the book surveys the main tendencies of thought in the post-war years. Since its publication in 1962, this book has been regarded as a modern classic of interpretation. It was reissued by the Cambridge University Press in 1983 and has subsequently sold over 8000 copies.

Free Download Reuben Cohen, "Knights of Malta, 1523-1798"
English | 2019 | ISBN: 150761408X, 1598183478 | EPUB | pages: 26 | 0.3 mb
From the intro: "On January 1, 1523, a fleet of fifty vessels put out from the harbour at Rhodes for an unknown destination in the West. On board were the shattered remnants of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, accompanied by 4,000 Rhodians, who preferred the Knights and destitution to security under the rule of the Sultan Solyman. The little fleet was in a sad and piteous condition. Many of those on board were wounded; all-Knights and Rhodians alike-were in a state of extreme poverty. For six months they had resisted the full might of the Ottoman Empire under its greatest Sultan, Solyman the Magnificent; Europe had looked on in amazed admiration, but had not ventured to move to its rescue. Now they were leaving the home their Order had possessed for 212 years, and were sailing out to beg from Christendom another station from which to attack the infidel once again. The Knights of Rhodes-as they were called at the time-were the only real survivors of the militant Order of Chivalry. Two centuries earlier their great rivals, the Templars, had been dissolved, and a large part of their endowments handed over to the Hospitallers. The great secret of the long and enduring success of the Order of St. John was their capacity for adapting themselves to the changing needs of the times. The final expulsion of the Christians from Syria had left the Templars idle and helpless, and the loss of the outlets for their energy soon brought corruption and decay with the swift consequence of dissolution. All through the history of the great Orders we find the Kings of Europe on the lookout for a chance to seize their possessions: any excuse or pretext is used, sometimes most shamelessly. An Order of Knighthood that failed to perform the duties for which it was founded was soon overtaken by disaster. The Hospitallers had realised, as early as 1300, that their former rôle of mounted Knights fighting on land was gone for ever. From their seizure of Rhodes, in 1310, they became predominantly seamen, whose flag, with its eight-pointed cross, struck terror into every infidel heart. Nothing but a combination of Christian monarchs could cope with the superiority of the Turk on land: by sea he was still vulnerable. The Knights took up their new part with all their old energy and determination: it is but typical that henceforward we never hear of the "Knights" of Malta fighting as cavalry."

Free Download Science In The Making : Volume One 1798-1850: Scientific By Meurig-Thomas, Sir John; Mott, Sir Nevill; Davis, E. A
1995 | 370 Pages | ISBN: 0203790413 | PDF | 6 MB
A celebration, in four volumes, of the bicentenary of the "Philosophical Magazine", covering the history of scientific development as chronicled in its pages. Volume One 1798-1850 reproduces many celebrated papers of Davy, Faraday and Joule.

Free Download Old Southwest to Old South: Mississippi, 1798-1840
by Mike Bunn and Clay Williams
English | 2023 | ISBN: 1496843800 | 320 Pages | ePUB | 4 MB

Free Download Yves Martin, "The French Army of the Orient 1798-1801: Napoleon’s beloved ‘Egyptians’ "
English | ISBN: 1911512714 | 2017 | 160 pages | PDF | 13 MB
More than 200 years ago – under the inspiration and leadership of Bonaparte – a revolutionary French Army invaded Egypt, then part of the Ottoman Empire; this presence lasted beyond Bonaparte’s own departure and subsequent rise to power as First Consul. It ended with another invasion – this time by the British – and the repatriation in France of what was left of the ‘Army of the Orient’. The birth of Egyptology; the rise of modern Egypt; the demise of the Ottoman Empire; and start of ‘the great game’ have all been often told and studied, but what is less well known is that as the French found themselves stranded in a foreign land – profoundly alien to them in culture and climate – they had to adapt to survive. Egypt was a proving ground for many officers and ordinary soldiers who were to rise to prominence during the Napoleonic period. Some of Napoleon’s future inner circle – like Davout, Savary and Lasalle – were first spotted by the young Bonaparte in Egypt, and although initially unplanned as such, it turned out to be the first attempt by the French to build a colony on the African continent. It especially led the French Army to adopt totally new clothing and equipment; to organise native units; and even to draft men from faraway Darfur into its own ranks. Drawing from a wealth of original primary material – much of it never published or even seen before – this study focuses on the French Army of the Orient and its organization, uniforms, equipment and daily life. It aims at providing a renewed and updated image of the French soldier, as told by the surviving archives, memoirs and rare contemporary iconography.

Free Download Get Backup Pro 3.7.3 Build 1798 macOS | 12 MB
Advanced Mac Backup Software – Imagine it. One day your Mac with all family photos, valuable documents and emails refuses to boot up. Don’t find yourself in this situation. Start backing up your files today!