Tag: Atmospheric

Free Download James R. Ehleringer, Thure Cerling, M. Denise Dearing, "A History of Atmospheric CO2 and Its Effects on Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems"
English | 2005 | pages: 545 | ISBN: 0387220690 | PDF | 7,3 mb
Extensive research in geology, atmospheric science, and paleontology provides a detailed history of CO2 in the atmosphere and an understanding of factors that have influenced changes in the past. This knowledge is used to illuminate the role of atmospheric CO2 in the modern carbon cycle and in the evolution of plants and animals. With an understanding of the history and dynamics of the biosphere, the authors address the future role of atmospheric CO2 and its likely effects on ecosystems. This book incorporates the advances of various earth science, environmental, and ecological fields into an overall account of global change and the changing dynamics of life on Earth.

Free Download Micrometeorology (Springer Atmospheric Sciences) by Thomas Foken, Matthias Mauder
English | April 26, 2024 | ISBN: 3031475259 | 431 pages | MOBI | 22 Mb
The book focuses on atmospheric processes that directly influence human environments within the lower 100-1000 meters of the atmosphere, spanning regions of only a few kilometers in size. It represents the English translation of the fourth edition of the German work titled "Applied Meteorology – Micrometeorological Methods". It provides a fundamental understanding of micrometeorology as applied to various disciplines, including biometeorology, agrometeorology, hydrometeorology, technical meteorology, environmental meteorology, and biogeosciences, through carefully selected examples.

Free Download Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation: An Explanation of Earth’s Climate Patterns
English | 2024 | ISBN: 3031661419 | 527 Pages | PDF (True) | 62 MB
This book provides a one-stop shop for coastal and marine scientists to understand processes that generate atmospheric circulation as integrated with terrestrial and oceanic circulation processes to create an Earth-ocean-atmosphere climate system. It uses the process approach in the first half of the book to set the stage for understanding circulation systems and then for explaining the circulation processes themselves, with the second half of the book dedicated to showing how these processes play themselves out across the Earth’s terrestrial and marine surface. The processes explained in the first half of the book assume no prior knowledge of meteorology or oceanography. The regional section includes the major continents or subcontinents, along with their surrounding ocean environs. It begins with the area with which many/most readers are likely most familiar ―the USA and Canada. From there, the tour of the world continues, beginning with the places that have atmospheric and oceanic circulation features that are most similar to the USA and Canada, all in the Northern Hemisphere―Europe, Southwestern Asia, and then East Asia. From there, the discussion builds on principles illustrated in the first half of the book and demonstrated in the beginning of the regional section of the book, while also adding concepts and principles of importance in the tropical and subtropical latitudes, by describing circulation features of South and Southeast Asia. This discussion carries forward naturally for a discussion of Africa, which experiences similar features of subtropical and tropical latitudes. From there, previous material can be applied and built upon further in the discussion of Latin America and the Caribbean. Australia and Oceania are the next area covered, followed by the polar latitudes. The book concludes with a brief review of the major atmospheric and oceanic circulation features around the world and with a reminder of the cascading primary and secondary impacts of the climate system.

Free Download Data Assimilation for Atmospheric, Oceanic and Hydrologic Applications (Vol. II) By Wei Kang, Arthur J. Krener, Mingqing Xiao (auth.), Seon Ki Park, Liang Xu (eds.)
2013 | 730 Pages | ISBN: 3642350879 | PDF | 36 MB
This book contains the most recent progress in data assimilation in meteorology, oceanography and hydrology including land surface. It spans both theoretical and applicative aspects with various methodologies such as variational, Kalman filter, ensemble, Monte Carlo and artificial intelligence methods. Besides data assimilation, other important topics are also covered including targeting observation, sensitivity analysis, and parameter estimation. The book will be useful to individual researchers as well as graduate students for a reference in the field of data assimilation.

Free Download Searching for Dark Matter with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes
English | 2024 | ISBN: 3031664698 | 218 Pages | PDF EPUB (True) | 44 MB
This book provides a comprehensive review of the methodologies and searches for dark matter (DM) annihilation signals using very-high-energy gamma rays (VHE, E > 100 GeV), utilizing data from current Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) in the pre-Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) era. It presents the state-of-the-art statistical analysis methods and theoretical models related to TeV DM, applied to data from the H.E.S.S. telescope array, which is currently the most sensitive IACT array for observing the Galactic Center (GC), where the brightest DM annihilation signals are expected.

Free Download Diffusion and Transport of Pollutants in Atmospheric Mesoscale Flow Fields By Prof B. W. Atkinson (auth.), Albert Gyr, Franz-S. Rys (eds.)
1995 | 216 Pages | ISBN: 9048145015 | PDF | 6 MB
In regions as densely populated as Western Europe, prediction of the ecological implications of pollutant transport are important in order to minimise damage in the case of accidents, and to evaluate the possible influence of existing or planned sources. In most cases, such predictions depend on high-speed computation. The present textbook presents a mathematically explicit introduction in eight chapters: 1: An introduction to the basics of fluid dynamics of the atmosphere and the local events and mesoscale processes. 2: The types of PDEs describing atmospheric flows for limited area models, the problem of appropriate boundary conditions describing the topographical constraints, and well-posedness. 3: Thermodynamics of the atmosphere, dry and wet, its stability, and radiation processes, budgets and the influence of their sum. 4: Scaling and similarity laws for stable and convective turbulent atmospheric boundary layers and the influence of inhomogeneous terrain on the advection and the vertical dispersion, and the method of large eddy simulation. 5: Statistical processes in turbulent dispersion, turbulent diffusion and chemical reactions in fluxes. 6: Theoretical modelling of diffusion and dispersion of pollutant gases. 7: The influence of urban heat production on local climate. 8: Atmospheric inversion layers and lapping inversion, the stable boundary layer and nocturnal inversion.

Free Download Atmospheric Nuclear Tests: Environmental and Human Consequences By Charles S. Shapiro (auth.), Charles S. Shapiro (eds.)
1998 | 282 Pages | ISBN: 3642083595 | PDF | 8 MB
Radionuclides produced by past nuclear weapon test explosions comprise the largest source of anthropogenic radioactivity released into the earth’s atmosphere to date. This volume presents data and models about the fate of the released radionuclides and their possible effects on human health. It is divided into the following three parts: – Source Term Studies;- Dose Reconstruction;- Ecological and Health Effects,and comprises both Western and formerly secret Soviet research studies, illuminates past and current research.

Free Download Atmospheric Effects in Space Geodesy By Johannes Böhm, David Salstein, Mahdi M. Alizadeh (auth.), Johannes Böhm, Harald Schuh (eds.)
2013 | 234 Pages | ISBN: 3642369316 | PDF | 6 MB
Various effects of the atmosphere have to be considered in space geodesy and all of them are described and treated consistently in this textbook. Two chapters are concerned with ionospheric and tropospheric path delays of microwave and optical signals used by space geodetic techniques, such as the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), or Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR). It is explained how these effects are best reduced and modelled to improve the accuracy of space geodetic measurements. Other chapters are on the deformation of the Earth’s crust due to atmospheric loading, on atmospheric excitation of Earth rotation, and on atmospheric effects on gravity field measurements from special satellite missions such as CHAMP, GRACE, and GOCE. All chapters have been written by staff members of the Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation at TU Wien who are experts in the particular fields.

Free Download Atmospheric Halos and the Search for Angle X By Walter Tape, Jarmo Moilanen(auth.)
2006 | 236 Pages | ISBN: 087590727X | PDF | 51 MB
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Special Publications Series.Atmospheric halos are visible phenomena of much beauty and fascination. From our earliest known records, dating from the Sumerian-Babylonian culture of 4-5,000 years ago, to modern researchers, halos have kept us looking skyward. Caused by light refracted through ice crystals floating in the atmosphere, they can appear at nearly any time and place. What do the ice crystals look like, especially those that make the exotic "odd radius" halos? What is the value of the elusive angle x, so critical to determining the shapes of these crystals? What halo displays do we understand well and what displays do we not understand at all?This book responds to such questions, and more, with a multifaceted view of halo science. Experts and novices alike will find this book the definitive resource on the subject. Features include:The "how to" in halo observation and photographyCarefully analyzed photos of rare halo displays and pyramidal ice crystalsThe early history of halo scienceElegant new explanations of how halos formAuthoritative discussion of odd radius halosWe invite you to gaze up and discover the world of halos.Content: Chapter 1 Introduction (pages 1-8): Chapter 2 Ice Crystal Gallery (pages 9-20): Chapter 3 The Beginnings of Halo Science (pages 21-32): Chapter 4 How Halos Form (pages 33-42): Chapter 5 Halo Simulations (pages 43-50): Chapter 6 Halos From Prismatic Crystals (pages 51-64): Chapter 7 Odd Radius Halos are Real (pages 65-70): Chapter 8 Odd Radius Circular Halos (pages 71-89): Chapter 9 Some Crystallography (pages 91-100): Chapter 10 Pyramidal Ice Crystals (pages 101-112): Chapter 11 The Search for Angle x (pages 113-128): Chapter 12 Refraction Halos and Wedge Angle (pages 129-132): Chapter 13 The Spin Vector (pages 133-136): Chapter 14 A User’s Guide to Halo Poles (pages 137-144): Chapter 15 Odd Radius Plate Arcs (pages 145-164): Chapter 16 Odd Radius Column Arcs (pages 165-178): Chapter 17 Odd Radius Parry Arcs (pages 179-182): Chapter 18 Other Wedge Angles? (pages 183-194):

Free Download Atmospheric Science Across the Stratopause By
2000 | 342 Pages | ISBN: 0875909817 | PDF | 47 MB
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series. In recent years, two separate geophysical research cultures have developed in the United States to study the atmosphere: one of space scientists, who focus on the mesosphere, thermosphere and ionosphere, and the other of atmospheric scientists, who focus on the troposphere and stratosphere. The boundary between these two research domains roughly coincides with the stratopause (50 km). While the division ofthe atmosphere into layers and boundaries serves as a useful way to characterize the various chemical and dynamical processes that distinguish these layers, these boundaries are not impermeable. To understand such critical issues as global change, geophysicists must study the atmosphere as an integrated system. The purpose of this monograph is to highlight those studies that consider the coupling of these two regions and thus bring together two scientific specialties (atmospheric science and space science) that are often considered separately.Content: