Tag: Electron

Free Download Mesoscopic Electron Transport By Leo P. Kouwenhoven, Gerd Schön, Lydia L. Sohn (auth.), Lydia L. Sohn, Leo P. Kouwenhoven, Gerd Schön (eds.)
1997 | 677 Pages | ISBN: 9048149061 | PDF | 52 MB
Ongoing developments in nanofabrication technology and the availability of novel materials have led to the emergence and evolution of new topics for mesoscopic research, including scanning-tunnelling microscopic studies of few-atom metallic clusters, discrete energy level spectroscopy, the prediction of Kondo-type physics in the transport properties of quantum dots, time dependent effects, and the properties of interacting systems, e.g. of Luttinger liquids. The overall understanding of each of these areas is still incomplete; nevertheless, with the foundations laid by studies in the more traditional systems there is no doubt that these new areas will advance mesoscopic electron transport to a new phenomenological level, both experimentally and theoretically. Mesoscopic Electron Transport highlights selected areas in the field, provides a comprehensive review of such systems, and also serves as an introduction to the new and developing areas of mesoscopic electron transport.

Free Download Electron Emission in Heavy Ion-Atom Collisions By Priv.-Doz. Dr. Nikolaus Stolterfoht, Professor Robert D. DuBois, Professor Roberto D. Rivarola (auth.)
1997 | 246 Pages | ISBN: 3642083226 | PDF | 7 MB
Electron Emission in Heavy-Ion–Atom Collisions reviews the theoretical and experimental work of the last 30 years on continuous electron emission in energetic ion-atom collisions. Emphasis is placed on the interpretation of ionization mechanisms. These mechanisms are interpreted in terms of Coulomb centers associated with the projectile, and target nuclear fields, which strongly interact with bare projectiles, are treated as cases for single-projectile and target centers. General properties of the two-center electron emission are analyzed with electron capture to the continuum and saddle-point electron emission as specific examples. For dressed projectiles, particular attention is devoted to screening effects, anomalies in the binary-encounter peak production, diffraction effects, and dielectronic processes involving two active electrons. A brief overview of multiple ionization processes is also presented. The survey concludes with a complete compilation of experimental studies of ionization cross sections.

Free Download Computational Methods for Electron-Molecule Collisions By T. N. Rescigno, C. W. McCurdy, A. E. Orel, B. H. Lengsfield III (auth.), Winifred M. Huo, Franco A. Gianturco (eds.)
1995 | 364 Pages | ISBN: 1475797990 | PDF | 18 MB
The collision of electrons with molecules and molecular ions is a fundamental pro cess in atomic and molecular physics and in chemistry. At high incident electron en ergies, electron-molecule collisions are used to deduce molecular geometries, oscillator strengths for optically allowed transitions, and in the case of electron-impact ionization, to probe the momentum distribution of the molecule itself. When the incident electron energy is comparable to or below those of the molecular valence electrons, the physics involved is particularly rich. Correlation and exchange effects necessary to describe such collision processes bear a close resemblance to similar efft:cts in the theory of electronic structure in molecules. Compound state formations, in the form of resonances and vir tual states, manifest themselves in experimental observables which provide details of the electron-molecule interactions. Ro-vibrational excitations by low-energy electron collisions exemplify energy transfer between the electronic and nuclear motion. The role of nonadiabatic interaction is raised here. When the final vibrational state is in the continuum, molecular dissociation occurs. Dissociative recombination and dissociative attachment are examples of such fragmentation processes. In addition to its fundamental nature, the study of electron-molecule collisions is also motivated by its relation to other fields of study and by its technological appli cations. The study of planetary atmospheres and the interstellar medium necessarily involve collision processes of electrons with molecules and molecular ions.

Free Download Coincidence Studies of Electron and Photon Impact Ionization By H. Ehrhardt, J. Röder (auth.), Colm T. Whelan, H. R. J. Walters (eds.)
1997 | 322 Pages | ISBN: 1475797532 | PDF | 11 MB
The great advantage of coincidence measurements is that by suitable choice of the kinematical and geometrical arrangement one may probe delicate physical effects which would be swamped in less differential experiments. The measurement of the triple dif ferential and higher-order cross sections presents enormous technical difficulties, but refined experiments of this type provide an insight into the subtleties of the scattering process and offer a welcome, if severe, test of the available theoretical models. The last few years have been an exciting time to work in the field and much has been learned. Profound insights have been gleaned into the basic Coulomb few body problem in atomic physics: the experimental study of the fundamental (e,2e) processes on hydrogen and helium targets continues to add to our knowledge and indeed to challenge the best of our theoretical models; significant advances have been made in the understanding of the "double excitation problem," that is the study of ionization processes with two active target electrons: important measurements of (e,3e), (,),,2e), excitation-ionization and excitation autoionization have been reported and strides have been made in their theoretical description; the longstanding discrepancies between theory and experiment for relativistic (e,2e) processes were resolved, spin dependent effects predicted and ob served and the first successful coincidence experiments on surfaces and thin films were announced. Theory and experiment have advanced in close consort. The papers pre sented here cover the whole gambit of research in the field. Much has been achieved but much remains to be done.

Free Download X-Ray Free-Electron Laser by Kiyoshi Ueda
English | PDF | 2018 | 458 Pages | ISBN : 3038428795 | 231.09 MB
X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) deliver intense, coherent, femtosecond laser pulses in the X-ray range. The XFELs are opening two new research fields. One is to study ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics in various forms of matter. XFELs can make atoms and electrons in action visible. Another field is to study the non-linear interaction of the unprecedented intense X-ray pulse with matter.

Free Download The Electron and the Lamb Shift
English | 2025 | ISBN: 9811296111 | 434 Pages | PDF (True) | 7 MB
This book presents a detailed analytical description of the derivation of the Lamb shift in the Hydrogen atom using quantum field theory. This shift in energy levels, relative to what is predicted in traditional particle physics theory, is due to the phenomena of vacuum fluctuations and vacuum polarization which are accounted for in the quantum field theory as applied in particle physics. The derivation reported is done using perturbation theory and extends up to 4th order. This derivation has been carried out to higher orders by scientists all over the world throughout several decades and agrees exceptionally well with experimental data demonstrating the physical reality of vacuum fluctuations. This book also includes a historical overview of the understanding of the atom and its interaction with electromagnetic radiation as it was in the first half of the 20th century, when the calculation of the Lamb shift was first attempted.

Free Download Daisuke Shindo, Takeshi Tomita, "Material Characterization Using Electron Holography"
English | 2022 | ISBN: 3527348042 | PDF | pages: 242 | 11.6 mb
Material Characterization using Electron Holography

Free Download Electron Waves in Solids: Exploring the Foundations of Modern Technology
English | 2024 | ISBN: 3031672593 | 228 Pages | PDF EPUB (True) | 15 MB
This book explores the intricate world of electron behavior within solids, revealing them to be waves-a fundamental insight crucial to grasping modern electronics, computing, and solid-state devices. This comprehensive examination elucidates the factors determining material conductivity, distinguishing between conductors, insulators, and semiconductors. Through detailed analysis, the text illuminates the thermal agitation of solids, manifesting as vibrations known as phonons, which impede electron flow and contribute to electrical resistance. Readers gain insight into the production of electronic devices through semiconductor doping, exploring various device types and their functionalities. The book further investigates the temperature-dependent behavior of metal resistance, including the phenomenon of superconductivity, wherein resistance vanishes entirely at low temperatures-a phenomenon comprehensively elucidated within these pages.

Free Download Electron Holography for Electromagnetic Materials
English | 2024 | ISBN: 981973536X | 202 Pages | PDF EPUB (True) | 95 MB
This book discusses the direct imaging of electric and magnetic fields of various functional materials using electron holography, providing indispensable information for understanding their electromagnetic properties. In order to clearly demonstrate the principles of this cutting-edge technology, easy-to-understand explanations are accompanied by numerous illustrations and figures throughout the book. The book highlights the dynamic nature of electromagnetic fields in novel materials, as revealed by changing temperature, or applying electric current and magnetic fields. Furthermore, it showcases, as a new development of the technique, the direct observation of accumulation and collective motion of electrons around charged insulators. Clear experimental data on electromagnetic fields and the motions of electrons help the reader understand their importance in materials science and fundamental physics. Seeing is believing!

Free Download Cryo-Electron Microscopy in Structural Biology: From Structural Insights to Tomography and Drug Discovery
English | 2025 | ISBN: 1032352531 | 488 Pages | PDF (True) | 48 MB
Cryo-electron microscopy, in combination with tomography, has emerged as a new technology for visualizing molecular structures at a resolution beyond even 1 Å. Using this technology has revealed the native molecular details of viruses, membranes, enzymes, ribosomes, and cells. This comprehensive volume brings together authoritative overviews of these methods from structural and biological perspectives. It is a must-have for researchers and graduate students, as well as those working in industry, primarily in the areas of biophysics, structural biology, crystallography, and genomics.