Tag: Expeditions

Muhammad’s Military Expeditions A Critical Reading in Original Muslim Sources


Free Download Ayman S. Ibrahim, "Muhammad’s Military Expeditions: A Critical Reading in Original Muslim Sources"
English | ISBN: 0197769179 | 2024 | 400 pages | PDF | 3 MB
The last ten years of Muhammad’s life are vitally important not only to the study of Islam’s prophet, but to the development of the religion itself. Prior to that last decade, Muhammad and his followers were tribally weak, and were persecuted by the Arabian elites of Mecca. Yet, according to Muslim accounts, by the end of his life Muhammad had become the sole leader of Western Arabia. This last decade was colored by strategic military expeditions and tactical treaties, in which Muhammad overcame all his tribal enemies. Yet English speakers have long had limited access to thorough studies of these expeditions based on the original Arabic primary sources. In this book, Ayman S. Ibrahim seeks to fill this scholarly gap, presenting an exhaustive account of Muhammad’s final decade, with specific emphasis on his military raids against various non-Muslim groups.

(more…)

Polar Expeditions Discovering Rituals of Success within Hazardous Ventures


Free Download J. Knottnerus, "Polar Expeditions: Discovering Rituals of Success within Hazardous Ventures"
English | ISBN: 1032322896 | 2022 | 192 pages | EPUB | 629 KB
Polar Expeditions employs structural ritualization theory to show how rituals enriched the lives of crewmembers on 19 polar expeditions over a 100-year period. J. David Knottnerus identifies and compares failed, successful, and extremely successful missions in terms of participation in ritual practices and the social psychological health of crews, finding that that social and personal rituals, such as work practices, religious activities, games, birthday parties, special dinners, or taking walks are extremely important in increasing crewmembers’ ability to cope with the challenges they face including extreme dangers, isolation, restricted environment, stress, lengthy journeys, and quite importantly the disruption of those practices that define our everyday lives. Besides contributing to our knowledge about polar expeditions, this research yields implications for our understanding of ritual dynamics in other situations such as disasters, refugee camps, nursing homes, traumatic experiences, and a new type of hazardous venture, space exploration.

(more…)