Tag: Languages

Free Download Peter O. Müller, Ingeborg Ohnheiser, Susan Olsen, "Word-Formation: An International Handbook of the Languages of Europe"
English | 2015 | ISBN: 3110375664 | PDF | pages: 838 | 7.0 mb
This handbook comprises an in-depth presentation of the state of the art in word-formation. The five volumes contain 207 articles written by leading international scholars. The XVI chapters of the handbook provide the reader, in both general articles and individual studies, with a wide variety of perspectives: word-formation as a linguistic discipline (history of science, theoretical concepts), units and processes in word-formation, rules and restrictions, semantics and pragmatics, foreign word-formation, language planning and purism, historical word-formation, word-formation in language acquisition and aphasia, word-formation and language use, tools in word-formation research. The final chapter comprises 74 portraits of word-formation in the individual languages of Europe and offers an innovative perspective. These portraits afford the first overview of this kind and will prove useful for future typological research. This handbook will provide an essential reference for both advanced students and researchers in word-formation and related fields within linguistics.

Free Download One Speaker, Two Languages: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives on Code-Switching By Lesley Milroy, Pieter Muysken
1995 | 330 Pages | ISBN: 0521479126 | PDF | 25 MB
Code-switching–the alternating use of several languages by bilingual speakers–does not usually indicate lack of competence on the part of the speaker, but results from complex language skills. The reasons why people switch their codes are as varied as the directions from which linguists approach this issue. This volume of essays by leading scholars explores code-switching in particular social and institutional contexts, and brings together current research into the social, grammatical and psycholinguistic issues raised by this highly significant form of speech behavior.

Free Download Emanuele Miola, "Language Across Languages: New Perspectives on Translation"
English | ISBN: 1443877115 | 2015 | 195 pages | PDF | 947 KB
Since the first written documents in the history of mankind (produced at the end of the 4th millennium BC), translation has always played a pivotal role in human societies. Translators were needed whenever the need for contact between different-speaking communities arose, such as for the purposes of communication, commerce, and declarations of war, or peace. Translation is even more important in today’s world. Globalization has brought the nations of the Earth closer, to the extent that books, movies and television programs released or aired far away in the world are just a click of the mouse away. However, such cultural products still have to be translated in order to be enjoyed by a wider audience. In international relations, diplomacies work very much on the basis of what is said and written, meaning that official documents and political charts need to be correctly and precisely translated. Hi-tech devices, such as tablets and smartphones, have their software translated into an increasing number of languages, in order to be accessible to a larger number of people. The challenging issues that arise for translation studies from these socio-cultural changes in Western Europe and all over the world are tackled in this volume according to two intertwined viewpoints: From a strictly linguistic perspective, typological differences between genetically unrelated languages challenge linguists in gaining an overall understanding of what language really is: how can linguistic categories, be they verbal, nominal or pertaining to other domains of the grammar, be defined? How are they shaped in syntax? From the point of view of anthropological linguistics, on the other hand, the cross-linguistic differences that come to the fore illustrate that translating as well as language itself is one of the basic cognitive strategies of the human mind.

Free Download Active Object Languages: Current Research Trends by Frank de Boer, Ferruccio Damiani, Reiner Hähnle, Einar Broch Johnsen, Eduard Kamburjan
English | PDF EPUB (True) | 2024 | 382 Pages | ISBN : 3031510593 | 66.4 MB
Active Objects are a programming paradigm that supports a non-competitive, data-driven concurrency model. This renders active object languages to be well-suited for simulation, data race-free programming, and formal verification. Concepts from active objects made their way into languages such as Rust, ABS, Akka, JavaScript, and Go. This is the first comprehensive state-of-art overview on the subject, the invited contributions are written by experts in the areas of distributed systems, formal methods, and programming languages.

Free Download Sergio Baldi, "Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa"
English, العربية | ISBN: 9004438475 | 2020 | 456 pages | PDF | 2,5 MB
Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa analyzes around 3000 Arabic loanwords in more than 50 languages in the area, and completes the work started in a previous similar work on West Africa.

Free Download Programming Languages and Systems in Computational Economics and Finance by Søren S. Nielsen
English | PDF | 2002 | 462 Pages | ISBN : 1402071396 | 19.1 MB

Free Download Salim Bouherar, "Algerian Languages in Education: Conflicts and Reconciliation"
English | ISBN: 3030893235 | 2021 | 225 pages | PDF | 2 MB
This book examines the role of foreign languages and cultures in the Algerian educational system, highlighting how cultural imperialism and supremacy persist through damaging language ideologies and the privileging of colonial languages such as French and English. The authors challenge the claim that the Algerian educational system can be considered ‘neutral’, arguing instead that it was and still is the outcome of a conflict between Arabised and Francophone elites, serving strategic and ideological objectives rather than cultural or pedagogical goals. This book will be relevant to students and scholars of language education, language policy and planning, and the history and politics of the Arab and Muslim world, especially those interested in the influence of Western languages and cultures and the democratisation of educational systems.

Free Download Programming Languages: Concepts and Implementation
by Saverio Perugini
English | 2023 | ISBN: 1284222721 | 889 Pages | True PDF | 15 MB

Free Download BODOMO ADAMS, "Handbook of the Mabia Languages of West Africa"
English | ISBN: 3962031170 | 2020 | 416 pages | PDF | 4 MB
This publication is the first handbook of the Mabia languages of West Africa. This group of languages, numbering about 80, are spoken as first languages by more than 30 million people who live mostly in the Savanna grasslands of West Africa – in present-day northern Ghana, northern Cote d’Ivoire, northern Togo, northern Benin, northwest Nigeria, Burkina Faso and Mali. This first handbook comprises of works in about 10 of these languages, including Dagaare, Gurenε, Dagbane, Kasem, Kusaal, Buli, Sisaala, Safaliba, and Mampruli. Care has, however, been taken to include data from other languages in the chapters on these main languages. The 12 chapters in this book cover key aspects of the linguistics of Mabia languages, including the phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, sociolinguistics, and literary appreciation. This book is essential reading for graduate and undergraduate students, as well as a core reference resource for established scholars and the general public.

Free Download The Romance Languages by Martin Harris, Nigel Vincent
English | 1988 | ISBN: 0415164176 | 516 Pages | PDF | 12.2 MB
Filling a critical gap in modern Romance language scholarship, and providing a theoretically strong, factually reliable reference source for future generations of linguists, this book surveys the structure and evolution of the Romance language family. A systematic balance of diachronic and synchronic approaches, it is the most comprehensive treatment of Romance languages available for both general reference and specialized linguistic investigation, examining Latin, French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Rumanian, Catalan, Occitan, Sardinian, Rhaeto-Romance, and Romance-based pidgins and creoles. The treatments of each Romance language, by scholars of established reputation in that language, cover all main features, including phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexis. To aid the reader, each chapter concludes with a select list of reference works and further readings, and the book includes both an analytic index and a system of cross-references within the main body of the text.