Tag: Transport

Free Download Andrew Adamatzky, "BIOEVALUATION OF WORLD TRANSPORT NETWORKS"
English | ISBN: 9814407038 | 2012 | 349 pages | PDF | 19 MB
Slime mould Physarum polycephalum is a monstrous single cell well known for its task-solving abilities – solves computational geometry and logical problems, navigates robots and generates music.The slime mould could also build motorways, highways and expressways. It is used to analyse transport networks of Africa, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, Iberia, Italy, Malaysia, Mexico, The Netherlands, UK and USA. The largest cities are represented by oat flakes and the slime mould is inoculated in a capital. When all oat flakes are covered by the slime mould, the structure of the protoplasmic networks formed are analyzed. In the laboratory experiments and theoretical analyses, intriguing country-specific properties of the motorway networks are uncovered and compared with the man-made and slime mould networks. They are studied as proximity graphs, leading to hierarchies of complexity and bio-rationality of the motorways.The book will inspire novel and original thoughts, paradigms and approaches for re-evaluation of historical findings on the emergence of ancient roads and will help to design future transcontinental pathways. The book is self-contained and does not require any special training or knowledge. This lavishly illustrated text will be appreciated by readers from all walks of life.

Free Download Christopher D. Thomsen, "Transport Policy "
English | ISBN: 1612095151 | 2011 | 196 pages | PDF | 14 MB
Transportation infrastructure has a significant meaning for the economic growth, the mobility of labour, the opportunities for tendering transport services and the competitiveness of the economy as a whole. This book presents topical research in the study of transport policy, including the European Union (EU) policy on the sustainability of transport and policy goals; public transit service quality evaluation for a sustainable transportation system; urban structure and transport; policy and market-based mechanisms towards a green and sustainable transport and policies of railway interoperability.

Free Download Modelling Transport
by zar, Juan de Dios Ort
English | 2024 | ISBN: 1119282357 | 722 pages | True PDF | 11.71 MB

Free Download Methods and Models in Transport and Telecommunications: Cross Atlantic Perspectives By Professor Dr. Aura Reggiani (auth.), Professor Dr. Aura Reggiani, Professor Dr. Laurie A. Schintler (eds.)
2005 | 364 Pages | ISBN: 3540258590 | PDF | 4 MB
One aspect of the new economy is a transition to a networked society, and the emergence of a highly interconnected, interdependent and complex system of networks to move people, goods and information. An example of this is the in creasing reliance of networked systems (e. g. , air transportation networks, electric power grid, maritime transport, etc. ) on telecommunications and information in frastructure. Many of the networks that evolved today have an added complexity in that they have both a spatial structure – i. e. , they are located in physical space but also an a spatial dimension brought on largely by their dependence on infor mation technology. They are also often just one component of a larger system of geographically integrated and overlapping networks operating at different spatial levels. An understanding of these complexities is imperative for the design of plans and policies that can be used to optimize the efficiency, performance and safety of transportation, telecommunications and other networked systems. In one sense, technological advances along with economic forces that encourage the clustering of activities in space to reduce transaction costs have led to more efficient network structures. At the same time the very properties that make these networks more ef ficient have also put them at a greater risk for becoming disconnected or signifi cantly disruptedwh en super connected nodes are removed either intentionally or through a targeted attack.

Free Download Essential Electron Transport for Device Physics by A. F. J. Levi
English | January 1, 2020 | ISBN: 0735421587 | 268 pages | PDF | 18 Mb
Essential Electron Transport for Device Physics introduces key elements of electron transport most applicable to the study of semiconductor electron devices. It is a convenient reference and summary of fundamental knowledge to be understood before exploring more sophisticated electron device models and concepts. Easy to read and understand Concise descriptions of essential electron transport concepts Quantitative results, example problems, and, as supplementary material, MATLAB code for most numerically generated figures. The contents serve as a foundation for scientists and engineers, without the need to invest in specialized detailed study.

Free Download Emma T. Berg, "Fluid Transport: Theory, Dynamics and Applications "
English | ISBN: 1611223172 | 2011 | 267 pages | PDF | 18 MB
Applications of microscale and nanoscale thermal and fluid transport phenomena involved in traditional industries and highly specialised fields such as bioengineering, micro-fabricated fluidic systems, microelectronics, aerospace technology, micro heat pipes, and chips cooling, have become especially important since the late 20th century. This book presents topical research data in the study of fluid transport, including vertical two-phase gas-solid and liquid-solid flow in chemical, biochemical and mechanical processes; computational fluid dynamics; measuring diffusion of water protons and specific chemicals encountered in MRI methods; and, microscale and nanoscale thermal and fluid transport phenomena.

Free Download OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Develop, "Transport Infrastructure Investment: Options for Efficiency"
English | 2008 | pages: 238 | ISBN: 928210155X | PDF | 4,2 mb
Surface transport plays a fundamental role in nearly all social and economic activity. Providing and maintaining the infrastructure consumes enormous resources. Thus, it is essential that this be carried out in the most efficient and effective way possible. Many options are available to provide surface transport infrastructure public ministries and agencies, public-private partnerships (PPPs), state-owned companies, private and non-profit entities, and outright privatisation. There are also various means of paying for it, including user charging, subsidies, public borrowing or private financing. This report examines key principles that should be considered by governments in deciding how to provide and pay for surface transport infrastructure, with a view to best serving societies needs and employing public resources. It also considers the key issues that must be resolved in making more use of private financing and expertise. Table of Content : Foreword Abstract Key Messages Summary of Conclusions and Recommendations PART I. THE PROVISION OF SURFACE TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE 1. Frameworks for the Provision and Financing of Surface Transport Infrastructure 2. International Experiences PART II. PRINCIPLES FOR THE BUDGET TREATMENT OF SURFACT TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT 3. Infrastructure Investment and Budget Treatment PART III. PURSUING EFFICIENCY GAINS IN THE PROVISION OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE 4. Principles for Efficiency in the Provision of Surface Transport Infrastructure 5. Efficiency in Different Models for Infrastructure Provision 6. Risk Sharing in Public-Private Partnerships 7. Efficient Charging of Infrastructure Use – Should Infrastructure be Paid For by Taxes or Charges? PART IV. EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS 8. Public-Private Partnerships Legislation and Regulation 9. Public-Private Partnerships Procurement and Quality Control ANNEX: CASE STUDIES 1. Networks -Motorway Network Management in Austria -Motorway Concessions in France -Financing of the Italian Motorway Network -Roads in Portugal -Highway Network Funding in the US -New Zealand: The National Land Transport Programme -Private Provision of Rail Infrastructure in Canada 2. Projects -United Kingdom: The Private Financing Initiative -Motorway Concessions in Spain -The German A and F-Models -Hungary: The M1/M15 Project -Road Concessions in Latin America and Argentina -Motorway PPPs in Mexico -Rail Link Financing in Sweden References Contributors to this Report

Free Download Transport Phenomena with Drops and Bubbles By S. S. Sadhal, P. S. Ayyaswamy, J. N. Chung (auth.)
1996 | 522 Pages | ISBN: 1461284708 | PDF | 26 MB
Fluid flows that transfer heat and mass often involve drops and bubbles, particularly if there are changes of phase in the fluid in the formation or condensation of steam, for example. Such flows pose problems for the chemical and mechanical engineer significantly different from those posed by single-phase flows. This book reviews the current state of the field and will serve as a reference for researchers, engineers, teachers, and students concerned with transport phenomena. It begins with a review of the basics of fluid flow and a discussion of the shapes and sizes of fluid particles and the factors that determine these. The discussion then turns to flows at low Reynolds numbers, including effects due to phase changes or to large radial inertia. Flows at intermediate and high Reynolds numbers are treated from a numerical perspective, with reference to experimental results. The next chapter considers the effects of solid walls on fluid particles, treating both the statics and dynamics of the particle-wall interaction and the effects of phase changes at a solid wall. This is followed by a discussion of the formation and breakup of drops and bubbles, both with and without phase changes. The last two chapters discuss compound drops and bubbles, primarily in three-phase systems, and special topics, such as transport in an electric field.

Free Download Percolation Models for Transport in Porous Media: With Applications to Reservoir Engineering By V. I. Selyakov, V. V. Kadet (auth.)
1996 | 244 Pages | ISBN: 9048147719 | PDF | 11 MB
It is an honour and pleasure to write a foreword to this useful and interesting book. Authors are very well known researchers who pioneered percolation modelling of transport in porous media in Russia from the early 80-th till nowadays. The main scope of the work presented in the book was developed when bright papers by A. Aharony, H.T. Davis, F.A.L. Dullien, A.A. Heiba, R.G. Larson, R. Lenormand, M.Sahimi, L.E. Scriven, D. Stauffer, M. Yanuka, Y.C.Yortsos were not available at the "other" side of the Iron Curtain. Nowadays hundreds of works and papers with the "percolation" keywords ap pear in petroleum and related applied research areas. The book will take a re markable place in the "petroleum percolation" bibliography. There are two important features of novelty in the monograph presented. First of all the authors developed a generalization of percolation clusters theory for grids with varying conductivity. Technique of representation of an infinite cluster as an hierarchial set of trees (so called r-chain model) allows to present conductivity of a stochastic grid in a closed form of explicit formulae. This method differs from those known in the West, such as effective media theory, solutions for the Bethe-lattice, etc. It has his own area of successful appli cations.

Free Download Oxygen Transport to Tissue XVII By Kenneth Sugioka (auth.), C. Ince, J. Kesecioglu, L. Telci, K. Akpir (eds.)
1996 | 654 Pages | ISBN: 1461380022 | PDF | 17 MB
nd The 22 meeting of the International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue (LS. O. T. T. ) of which this volume is the scientific proceedings, was held in Istanbul, Turkey on August 22-26, 1994. It was a historical occasion in that it was almost 200 years to the day that one of the founding fathers of oxygen research, Antoine Lavoisier, on May 8, 1794 found his early demise at the hands of the guillotine. This spirit of history set the tone of the conference and in the opening lecture the contribution that this part of the world has given to the understanding of oxygen transport to tissue was highlighted. In particular, the contribution of Galen of Pergamon (129-200) was discussed who for the first time demon strated that blood flowed through the arteries and whose view on the physiology of the circulation dominated the ancient world for well over a millennium. A forgotten chapter in the history of the circulation of the blood is the contribution made by Ibn al Nafis of Damascus (1210-1280) who for the first time described the importance of the pulmonary circulation by stating that all venous blood entering the right ventricle ofthe heart passes to the left ventricle, not through pores in the septum of the heart as had been postulated by Galen, but through the circulation of the lungs.